Clauses

A clause is a group of related words that contains a subject and a predicate. A clause is divided into:


1. Independent Clause
A clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
Examples:
Karina has always been a good student.
Mahar is a handsome man.


2. Dependent Cause
A clause that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning. This type of clause can be classified as:
1. Adjective clause
An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun. It is introduced by relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, or  that) or by subordinating conjunctions (where, when, why).
Examples:
The woman who speaks to them is their teacher.
The book which you borrowed yesterday is new.
The house of which the door is red will be renovated.
2. Adverb clause
An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, an adjective or an adverb. It is introduced by subordinating conjunctions, such as, when, where, before, since, as, so, because, though, although, unless, and etc.
Examples:
He spoke before he thought.
It was hot hen we went out.
3. Noun clause
A noun clause is a dependent clause that is used as noun. It is introduced by words, such as who, which, that, where, when, how, and why.
Examples:
What he does is his business. (subject)
Tell whomever you wish that story. (indirect object)
I know where she lives. (object)
Notes:
Noun clauses are also called embedded clause.
Embedded clause
Embedded statement is used in place of noun phrase.
Examples:
I know the woman who is singing the song. --> I know the woman singing the song.
The ma who standing beside me is my teacher.
The wallet that was stolen yesterday has been found. --> The wallet stolen yesterday has been found.
Some guests invited to the party cannot come.
-ing is used to modify what somebody or something do. It has an active meaning. -ed is used to modify somebody or something with a passive meaning.